A Sacrament, Pope Leo X, The Magnificent, Schmalkaldic...

Chapter 13 Assignment #2 13.2 (Ryan Cho) Sacrament, Pope Leo X, St. Peter s Basilica, Edict of Worms, Peasant s War, Habsburg-Valois Wars, Suleiman the Magnificent, Schmalkaldic Wars, Peace of Augsburg 1. Sacrament. A sacrament is a Christian site recognized as of particular importance and significance. There are various views on the existence and meaning of such rites. Many Christians consider the sacraments to be a visible symbol of the reality of god, as well as a means by which God enacts his grace. 2. Pope Leo X, was pope from 9 March 1513 to his death in 1521. The second son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, ruler of the Florentine Republic, he was elevated to the cardinalate in 1489. He is known primarily for his papal bull against Martin Luther and subsequent failure too stern the Protestant Reformation, which began during his reign when Martin Luther (1483-1546) published the 95 Theses and nailed them to the door of the Castle Church in Witenburg. 3. St. Peter’s Basilica is an Italian Renaissance Church in Vatican City, the papal enclave within the city of Rome. Designed principally by Donate Bramante, Michelangelo, Carlo Maderno and Gian Lerinzi Bremen. St. Peter’s is the most renowned work of Renaissance architecture and is also one of the largest churches in the world. While it is neither the mother church of the Catholic Church nor the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome, St. Peter’s is regarded as one of the holiest Christian shrines. 4. Edict of Worms. The Edict of

Strategic Management The Oil And Gas Industry - 1638 Words

Strategic Management It is evident that one of the most important industries in the world is the oil and gas industry. This industry has a major impact on everyone’s lives by providing services such as transportation, heating, electricity fuels, blacktop, lubricants, and propane. The oil and gas industry also has an influence on national security, elections, geo politics, and international conflicts (Inkpen and Moffett). The prices of oil and gas are the most closely watched prices in the global economy (Inkpen and Moffett). This paper will go into detail on various topics that relate to strategy. In recent years, oil and gas companies must be on board with changing their business model in order to stay competitive in the market place.†¦show more content†¦This will help companies in this competitive industry to be able to help determine the company’s direction. This statement will also help motivate, and provide an image of the character of the company. Below is the mission state ment for Exxon Mobil that was provided on their website. The statement is broken down by how they look to build their relationships with their shareholders, customers, employees, and communities. The mission statement for Exxon is a strong indicator that they are committed to success and that they focus on every aspect of interested parties. Exxon Mobil Mission Statement â€Å"Exxon Mobil Corporation is committed to being the world’s premier petroleum and petrochemical company. To that end, we must continuously achieve superior or financial and operating results while simultaneously adhering to high ethical standards† (Exxon). Shareholders â€Å"We are committed to enhancing the long-term value of the investment dollars entrusted to us by our shareholders. By running the business profitably and responsibly, we expect our shareholders to be rewarded with superior returns. This commitment drives the management of our Corporation† (Exxon). 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Movie Analysis Military Science Fiction - 1172 Words

Military science fiction has grown up over the years. Gone are the days when a simple plot would suffice. Readers demand more of an intricate story, something they can proverbially sink their teeth into. They do not want something that can be read in hours. Because of this demand, story plots are more complex today than in previous years. In the stories presented this semester, storylines varied, but there was always once central theme: survival. Characters were built up more to accommodate the intricate plots. Themes have matured and reflect current world events. All these work together to provide the backbone of the stories. Over the past decade, story scenarios have become more enthralling to the reader. The adventures presented this†¦show more content†¦After quite an interesting conversation with a nine-meter-tall representation of Adolph Hitler, Old Guy found himself in battle with the Blade Fetish. He was ultimately saved by MegaHitler. Plots went deeper by placing a historical enemy that wanted absolution alongside a physical antagonist. In Combat Unit, a fighting Unit battled not only an unknown enemy, but also the unfamiliar surroundings it was in. Enemies were Story plots went deeper with the addition of a child in Ender’s Game. The survival of the human race was at stake and depended on the actions of a child winning a game. Survival of a race was still evident, but it rested on the ruthlessness of adults who pressured Ender into excelling at their game. Protecting planetary resources was one of the main plots of On Basilisk Station. Honor Harrington had to defend a species from an overzealous drug lord, while protecting her crew from different enemies. John Perry had to battle numerous foes in Old Man’s War. Each species had their own nuances and that complicated defending planets against them. All John â€Å"Black Jack† Geary wanted to do was get his fleet home. However, the enemy he was running from, the Syndics, m anaged to make it more difficult for him. It took extraordinary tactics to avoid them. Survival meant outsmarting a brilliant enemy. Through each story, the basic need for longevity took on various forms. It went from being quite simple to a complicated goal. Backstories had given more

Maintaining Healthy Life Prevent Occurrence of Disease Conditions

Question: Describe about the Maintaining Healthy Life for Prevent Occurrence of Disease Conditions. Answer: Introduction: Damasio (2015) describes homeostasis as the capacity, existing in every living organisms, of constantly maintaining definite functional variables within a array of values, harmonious with survival. However, another definition of homeostasis is stated as the active processes that facilitate ideal circumstances to be maintained for cells, in spite of recurrent alterations taking place inside and outside (Clancy McVicar, 2009). Imbalance in the homeostasis can lead to the impaired functioning of vital systems in the body and occurrence of the disease condition. Background information (Negative feedback, internal environment, receptor, controller and effector): Homeostasis purpose is to keep the body in a state of equilibrium and permit a degree of independence from the environment. In a human being, maintaining a stable internal environment can be harder than we believe as many factors contribute to this: body temperature, inner pH., inner concentrations of various ions, hydration, blood pressure and glucose level in the blood. The human body is in a constant state of maintaining homeostasis as we regularly eat, drink and sweat, which is affected by our intake of water, carbon and sugar. All of these intakes need to be controlled to provide a positive, constant internal environment. Human beings also have physiological mechanisms built into the body to assist with these factors which all affect the chemical reactions that maintain life (Doherty, 2006). The nervous system and hormones are responsible for this and when the equilibrium is susceptible or absent, there is a severe threat to the health of the patient (Waugh Grant, 2015). This imbalance causes the process of negative feedback to begin. This process occurs when certain regulatory systems become active to bring any abnormal balance back to their normal levels. All bodies have control systems which help us to maintain homeostasis and they detect change in the internal environment. The internal environment is extracellular fluid that flows persistently within the blood and lymphatic system and must have ideal levels of water, ions, gas and nutrients and its normal temperature and ideal pressure for the cells to stay healthy, as any disruption within these may lead to death (Rhoades Bell, 2012). Extracellular fluids of this internal environment constitute about one third of the total body fluid. The internal environment is controlled by careful absorption of fluids and mater ials across cell membranes present in the body. This absorption is under the control of the neuroendocrine system. Removal of waste is also an important factor for maintaining internal environment. These processes of absorption and removal, which comes under internal environment, are collectively called as homeostasis. A human body has thousands of control system which comprises of three basic components: a receptor, control centre and effectors. These components support different jobs, in order to manage the internal environment. These control systems operate to control functions of individual organs and its relation to the other organs (Clancy, McVicar, 2009). Mechanism of action: Role of the endocrine system in glucose homeostasis can be exemplified by insulin and glucagon. Glucose regulation is important in diabetic patients or patients prone to diabetes. This regulation of glucose is a part of the keeping body in homeostasis. Two hormones involved in the regulation of glucose are insulin and glucagon. These hormones are secreted by pancreas's Islets of Langerhans. Islets of Langerhans secretes these hormones directly in the blood flow. Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells which constitutes about 20 % and insulin is secreted by beta cells which constitutes about 70 % of the pancreatic islet cells (Brissova et al., 2005). Transmembrane receptors like G protein coupled receptors control secretion of insulin and glucagon from the pancreatic islet cells. Blood glucose in mainly regulated by the negative feedback mechanism (Berg et al., 2002). Glucagon plays its role in case of hypoglycaemia and insulin plays its role in case of hyperglycaemia. In case of hypoglyc aemia there is the fall of blood glucose level and subsequently alpa cells of the pancreatic islet cells get activated. As mentioned earlier, these alpha cells secrete glucagon which converts stored glycogen to the glucose. This process of conversion of glycogen to glucose is known as glycogenolysis. This process helps to maintain the normal level of blood glucose. When the blood glucose level is raised, it is called hyperglycemia. In the hyperglycemic state, beta cells of pancreatic islet cells come into the action. These beta cells secrete insulin, which maintains normal blood glucose level. Due to insulin, liver converts more glucose to glycogen and stored. This process of conversion of glycogen to glucose is called glycogenesis. Through Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) receptor, insulin facilitates movement of glucose into the muscle and fat tissue cells. After entering into the cells, glucose is converted into the Glucose-6-Phosphate, which maintains the concentration gradient across the cell membrane and facilitate movement of glucose into the cells. Thus, insulin is the plays major part in the control of the glucose level and maintaining homeostasis in the body (Chang et al., 2004). Symptoms: Symptoms of hyperglycaemia include augmented thirst, hunger, frequent urination, sugar in urine, headache, blurred vision, and fatigue (Rutter Newby, 2015). Diagnosis: Diagnostic tests for hyperglycaemia comprises of random blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test and Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test (Rutter Newby, 2015). Treatment: Treatments available for diabetes include insulin, metformin, sulphonylureas, thiazolidinediones, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors and Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Future directions for the treatment of diabetes include stem cells like pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells (Rutter Newby, 2015). Current research and future directions: Current research is mainly focused towards investigating link between the diet induced obesity, hypertension, inflammation and hyperglycaemia. Because all these complications are interrelated and affects progression or cure of another complication. Future research for this endocrine disorder should be directed towards investigation the medication which can be commonly used in all these complications. This can be only possible, if scientist can find out a common target or pathway leading to all these complications (Long Dagogo-Jack, 2011; Colosia et al., 2013). Conclusion: Homeostasis is important aspect for the maintaining healthy life and to prevent occurrence of disease conditions. Homeostasis can be maintained by external factors like proper diet, environment and exercise and internal factors like maintaining proper functioning of endocrine and nervous system. As mentioned above, impaired function of endocrine system can lead to disease like diabetes. Diabetes is associated with other disease like obesity, hypertension and inflammation. Hence future direction of research should be directed towards investigating common target or pathway leading to all these diseases and developing drugs for these targets. References: Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., Stryer, L. (2002) Biochemistry. (5th Ed.). New York: W H Freeman. Brissova, M., Fowler, M.J., Nicholson, W.E., Chu, A., Hirshberg, B., Harlan, D.M., Powers, A.C. (2005) Assessment of human pancreatic islet architecture and composition by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 53 (9), 108797. Chang, L., Chiang, S.H., Saltiel, A. R. (2004) Insulin Signalling and the Regulation of Glucose Transport. Molecular Medicine, 10(7-12), 6571. Clancy, J. McVicar, A. (2009). Physiology and Anatomy for Nurses and Healthcare Practitioners: A Homeostatic Approach. (3rd Ed.). Hodder Arnold. CRC Press. Colosia, A. D., Palencia, R., Khan, S. (2013). Prevalence of hypertension and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in observational studies: a systematic literature review. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 6, 327338. Damasio, A, (2015) Exploring the concept of homeostasis and considering its implications for economics. [Online] Journal of Economics Behaviour and Organisations. Uwe Library. [Accessed on 19/09/2016]. Doherty, B. (2006) Homeostasis Part 1 anatomy and physiology [Online] Nursing times, Available from: https://www.nursingtimes.net203292,fullarticle [Accessed on 19/09/2016]. Long, A.N., Dagogo-Jack, S. (2011). The Comorbidities of Diabetes and Hypertension: Mechanisms and Approach to Target Organ Protection. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 13(4), 244251. Rhoades, R.A., Bell, D.R. (2012). Medical Physiology: Principles for Clinical Medicine. (4th Ed.). Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Rutter, P. Newby, D. (2015). Community Pharmacy ANZ: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment. Elsevier. Waugh, A., Grant, A. (2015). Anatomy and Physiology in health and illness. Ross and Wilson. (2nd Ed.). Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.